:^i 



OFFICE LIBRARY 

Includes a Complete Set of the Monthly 

Volumes published by the Commission= 

er of Patents, containing the spe= 

cif ication and drawings of each 

patent in full. 



'^-^^t^^^^f^:^ 



PATENTS 

Qeorqe a. Mosher, 

Attorney C^ Counselor at Law, 

No. 17 First Street, 
TROY, . Y. 

Copyright 1892. 

STOWELL'S PRINT, TROY. 



X 



\^ 



To the Inventor: 



In response to inquiries from inventors in 
many parts of New York and adjoining states, 
I have prepared the following pages, designed _ 
to explain the subjects most frequently in- 
quired about, and to give all necessary infor- 
mation regarding the protection of inventions. 

I have not attempted a discussion of the 
patent law ; but present this book simply as a 
guide to lead the inventor in the path where 
success may be attained, and to warn him of 
the pitfalls that have betrayed so many of his 
predecessors. 

An invention, if fully protected by letters 
patent, forms the foundation upon which a 
profitable business may be built. The measure 
of the inventor's success will depend upon his 
abihty and energy in building up and conduct- 
ing such a business, or in disposing of his in- 
vention to others. 

Should a profitable business be established 
the patent pirate will sap the foundation if he 
can ; and if there is a weak point in the patent 
he will surely find it. 

The best patent obtainable is none too good 
for a valuable invention ; and buyers of patents 
are each year becoming better educated as to 
the difference between good and poor patent 
protection. 

Any desired information not found herein 
will be cheerfully granted on application in 
person or by mail. 

Respectfully, 

George A. Mosher, 

17 First St., Troy, N. Y. 



PATENTS. 

A patent may be obtained by any person 
who has invented or discovered any new and 
useful art, machine, manufacture, or compo- 
sition of matter, or any new and useful im- 
provement thereof, not known or used by 
others in this country, and not patented or 
described in any printed publication in this or 
any foreign country, before his invention or 
discovery thereof, and not in public use or on 
sale for more than two years prior to his ap- 
plication, unless the same is proved to have 
been abandoned. 

Patents are granted in the United States 
for the term of 17 ^^ears, and cannot be ex- 
tended except by special act of Congress. The 
application for a patent should be made by the 
inventor, or, in the event of the inventor's 
death, by his administrator or executor. 

If two persons have together made an in- 
vention they are joint inventors, and should 
together apply for the patent ; but, if a sole in- 
ventor has given an interest in the invention to 
another person, the inventor alone must make 
the application, and he may convey by a deed 
or assignment the interest agreed upon. 

The application comprises a petition, oath, 
drawings, and specification, with one or more 
claims. The petition, oath and specification 
must each be signed by the inventor. 

The petition is a formal request for the 
grant of the patent. The oath must contain a 
statement of facts sufiicient to show that the 
applicant is the first inventor and is entitled to 
a patent. The oath should be made before a 
Notary Public, with a seal. 

DRAWINGS. 

The drawings of the invention must be made 
with a pen on smooth white bristol-board. 



Clearness is the main qualification, and should 
be attained with as few Hues as possible. 
Every line must be made with India ink, and 
be intensely black. Fancy shading of any 
kind is objectionable. 

Much skill and care are required in the prep- 
aration of the drawings to meet the require- 
ments of the Patent Office ; and as models are 
now seldom required, the drawing furnishes 
the only illustration of the invention to the Ex- 
aminer. 

The drawings which accompany applications 
filed by me are made by an experienced and 
competent draftsman, under my personal di- 
rection and supervision ; and every feature of 
the invention is clearly and unmistakably r-ep- 
resented. 

SPECIFICATION. 

The specification is a written description of 
the invention or discovery, and of the manner 
and process of making, constructing, com- 
pounding, and using the same, and is required 
to be in such full, clear, concise, and exact 
terms as to enable any person skilled in the art 
or science to which the invention or discovery 
appertains, or with which it is most nearly 
connected, to make, construct, compound, and 
use the same. It must set forth the precise 
invention for which a patent is solicited, ex- 
plain the principle thereof, and the best mode 
in which the applicant has contemplated apply- 
ing that principle, in such manner as to dis- 
tinguish it from other inventions. 

In addition to the preferred form, it is 
usually advisable to show in the drawings and 
explain in the specifications one or more 
modified forms of the invention, thereby laying 
the foundation for a broad claim. 

The preparation of a specification involves a 
thorough knowledge of mechanical principles, 



as well as a familiarity with the patent laws 
and the requirements of the Patent Office that 
can only be acquired by actual experience. 

CLAIMS. 

The protection afforded by a patent is tested 
by the claim ; and the interpretation of the 
claim depends largely upon the wording of the 
specification. 

If a claim is too broad and includes more 
than the real invention it is invalid, and will 
not be sustained by the courts. On the other 
hand, a claim may be so limited as to cover 
only a portion of the invention, in which case 
the unprotected features of the invention may 
be used by competitors without infringing the 
patent. 

The perfect claim is one whose terms include 
only the essential elements of the invention, 
and distinguish it from all prior devices. 

Several claims are frequently necessary to 
cover every feature of the invention ; but each 
claim must be judged solely on its own merits, 
and will stand or fall independently of the 
others. The patent for every successful inven- 
tion must be able to withstand the attacks of 
patent pirates and would-be infringers. Many 
such stand ready at all times to deprive the 
inventor of any portion of his invention, which 
an unskillfully drawn claim may have left 
exposed. 

So many worthless patents have been granted 
during recent years that business men no longer 
think of purchasing an invention without sub- 
mitting the patent to a competent patent attor- 
ney for an examination as*- to its scope and 
validity, which depend largely upon the skill 
with which it is prepared. If an invention is 
meritorious and the claim can bear careful 
examination, there should be no obstacle to 
prevent the inventor from reaping a fair reward 



for his ingenuity and skill. Not only are his 
chances good for selling the patent, bat would- 
be infringers seeing no way to avoid the claim 
will seek other fields. 

CHARGES. 

The total cost of a patent is usually $65, pay- 
able in instalments as the case proceeds. The 
first instalment is $20, which should be paid 
when I am retained to prepare the case. As 
soon as the papers are prepared 1 submit 
them to the inventor, for approval and signa- 
ture. When such papers are signed and re- 
turned to me they should be accompanied by 
the second instalment of fees, $25. This makes 
the cost of filing an application Sov a patent 
$45, of which $15 is the government fee, $5 the 
cost of the drawing, and $25 my fee for pre- 
paring the case. These charges also cover all 
ordinary amendments in the prosecution of the 
case in the patent office. The remaining $20, 
which is the final government fee, need not be 
paid till after the case has been officially 
allowed. At any time wnthin six months after 
the date of allowance, this final payment may 
be made and the patent obtained. 

The time required to secure a letter of allow- 
ance varies from two or three weeks to several 
months, and depends first upon the class to 
which the invention belongs, and secondly 
upon the obstacles encountered in the Patent 
Office. 

Where the invention is complicated in its 
nature, it necessarily requires more labor in 
preparing the application, and may require 
more than one sheet of drawings. In such 
cases the charges are proportionate to the dif- 
ficulty of the case, but will always be as low as 
is consistent with faithful work; and in no 
case will any extra expense be incurred, either 



in preparing the application or afterward, 
without first notifying the apphcant. 

APPEALS. 

When an apphcation for a patent has been 
finally rejected by the examiner in charge, the 
only recourse is to make an appeal to the board 
of Examiners-in-Chief ; and should the Exam- 
mers-in-Chief also refuse the patent, an appeal 
may be taken to the Commissioner of Patents. 
Appeals cost from $25 upwards, according to 
the nature of the case. If the specification is 
properly prepared and a carefully drawn 
amendment filed w^hen required, an appeal will 
seldom be found necessary. 

In my experience as attorney in hundreds of 
cases I have found that a meritorious applica- 
tion which cannot be successfully prosecuted 
without an appeal is a rare exception. 

INTERFERENCE. 

When two or more separate applications by 
different inventors are on file at the same time 
in the Patent Office, an interference is declared 
between such applications. 

Sworn statements of the date of invention, 
reduction to practice, manufacture, etc. , must 
be filed by each party; and afterwards each 
party may take the testimony of witnesses to 
subtantiate his statement. 

Interference is sometimes declared between 
a pending application and a patent already 
issued for the same invention. 

Interferences are not of frequent occurrence; 
but it is always well to carefully preserve all 
sketches and models, with their dates, for use, 
should it become necessary to prove the date of 
the invention. 

The patent is always awarded to the first 
inventor, unless it appears that he has aban- 
doned the invention b}^ delay. The inventor 

6 



who first files his application has an advantage 
over a later applicant; and should the first 
inventor neglect to apply for a patent until 
after a later inventor has filed an application 
for the same invention, he must prove not only 
that he was the first to make the invention but 
that he used reasonable diligence in perfecting 
the same and applying for a patent thereon. 
Delay is dangerous. 

CAVEAT. 

The filing of a caveat in the Patent Office 
prevents during its life the issue of a patent 
for the same invention to anyone without the 
knowledge of the caveator. 

The object of the caveat is to give the in- 
ventor further time to test and perfect his 
invention and prevent the same from bemg 
, patented by a competitor without his knowl- 
edge. 

Should any person file an application for a 
patent for an invention embodied in a caveat, 
such application is held in the Patent Office and 
notice sent to the caveator giving him three 
months within which to complete his invention 
and file his application for patent. 

The filing of a caveat gives no exclusive 
right to the invention. This can only be se- 
cured by a patent; and the application for a 
patent should be made as soon as the invention 
is perfected. Delay in making application for 
a patent is always dangerous. A caveat can 
only be filed by a citizen of the United States 
or an alien who has resided in this country 
one year and declared his intention to become 
a citizen. 

A caveat must contain a drawing of the in- 
vention and brief description or specification, 
which should be carefully prepared to meet the 
requirements of the Patent Office. 



The total cost of a caveat is $25, and it con- 
tinnes in force one year. Upon payment of a 
government fee of $10 yearly the caveat may 
be renewed from year to year. 

A sketch or photograph and description are 
usually sufficient to enable me to prepare a 
caveat, and I can usually mail the papers 
complete for signature the day following re- 
ceipt of instructions and the above fee of $25. 

MODELS. 

Models are now seldom required by the Pat- 
ent Office, and need only be furnished when the 
Commissioner expressly requires them. 

A model, however, is usually an aid to the 
attorney in preparing the specification and 
drawings, and may be furnished b}^ the in- 
ventor when convenient ; but it is rarely neces- 
sary that an inventor should incur the expense 
of making a model especially for use in pre- 
paring the application, as a careful sketch or 
drawing with the inventor's description will 
usually be sufficient to enable the attorney to 
fully understand the invention. 

REISSUES. 

Where the original patent is invalid or in- 
operative, by reason of a defective or in- 
sufficient specification, or by reason of the 
patentee claiming as his invention more or less 
than he had a right to claim as new, provided 
the error has arisen through inadvertence, ac- 
cident or mistake, the original patent may be 
surrendered and reissued in a corrected form. 

The application for a reissue should be made 
without delay and withm two years after the 
date of the original patent. The reissued 
patent must be for the same invention as the 
original, and must contain 110 new matter. 

The reissue does not prolong the hfe of the 



patent, as it is only granted for the unexpired 
portion, of the original term. 

Reissued patents are regarded with disfavor 
by the courts ; and in view of recent decisions 
are advisable only in exceptional cases. 

An inventor can no longer secure a patent 
regardless of its protective value and trust to 
a reissue at some future time to regain for him 
all his neglected rights. Such a course now 
involves a risk of losing the whole invention. 

The only safe procedure is to secure the 
original patent with the best claims possible. 

Reissues cost from $65, upwards. 

DESIGNS. 

A patent may also be obtained by any per- 
son who, by his own industry, genius, efforts, 
and expense, has invented and produced any 
new and original design for a manufacture, 
bust, statue, alto-relievo, or bas-relief; any 
new and original design for the printing of 
woolen, silk, cotton, or other fabrics ; any new 
and original impression, ornament, pattern, 
print, or picture to be printed, painted, cast, 
or otherwise placed on or worked into any 
article of manufacture ; or any new, useful, and 
original shape or configuration of any article of 
manufacture, the same not having been known 
or used by others before his invention or pro- 
duction thereof, nor patented or described in 
any printed publication. 

A design comprises only the shape and 
ornamentation of an article, that is its appear- 
ance; and is entirely independent of its 
mechanical construction, the use for which it 
is intended or the material of which it is made. 

Design patents are granted for a term of 3}^, 
7 or 14 years, as the applicant may elect in 
his petition, and the term cannot be changed 
after patent is granted. 



The specification for a design application 
must clearly describe the essential features of 
the design, and a drawing is required whenever 
the design admits of illustration. 

The usual cost of a design patent is $30 for 
3^ years, $35 for seven years, and $50 for 14 
years, which amount in each case includes the 
government fee, required to be paid in ad- 
vance, and my charge for preparing the speci- 
fication and drawing. 

Upon receipt of a model or photograph 
showing the design, accompanied by a brief 
description and $20, I will prepare the neces- 
sary papers and forward them to the inventor 
for approval and signature. If satisfactory, 
he will sign them and return to me with the 
balance due, which will be either $10, $15 or 
$30, according to the term of patent. This 
completes the cost of the patent, as no final 
government fee is required in design cases. 

Especial attention is called to the liberality 
of the laws relating to the protection of de- 
signs. A broad and valid design patent can fre- 
quently be obtained for an article that has no 
novelty of mechanism or function, and which 
cannot be protected by a patent in the ordinary 
manner. 

ASSIGNMENTS. LICENSES. 

An inventor may grant a license to another 
person, or sell and assign any portion of his 
right either before or after patent issues. 

Assignments must be recorded in the Patent 
Office, and if recorded before the patent issues 
the name of the assignee will appear in the 
patent, if so requested in the assignment. 

In ordering a license or assignment always 
send me the full name and residence of both 
parties, the date and number of the patent, if 
issued, the territory covered by the license or 
the interest assigned, and five dollars, the 



amount of my charge, which also includes the 
goverment fee for recording the assignment. 

COPIES OF PATENTS. 

I will send to any address upon receipt of 
fifteen cents, stamps or money, a complete , 
printed copy of the specification and drawings 
of any U. S. patent pubHshed, or a copy of the 
Official Gazette of the Patent Office. The 
Official Gazette is published every Tuesday, 
and contains the claims and portions of the 
drawings of all patents issued on the day of 
its publication. About five hundred patents 
are issued each week, Tuesday being the only 
issue day. 

In ordering copies always give the date of 
the Official Gazette desired, and the number or 
date of the patent desired, and name of the 
inventor. 

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS. 

A preliminary examination, sometimes called 
a search, is of value when an inventor has 
doubts as to the novelty of his invention, and 
wishes to ascertain the probability of obtaining 
a patent before incurring the expense of a 
formal application. The examination consists 
of an inspection of United States patents in 
the class to which the invention belongs, and 
relates only to patentability, not to infringe- 
ment. 

I will cause such an examination to be made 
upon receipt of $5 and a model or sketch with 
brief description of the invention; and can 
generally report the results within three or four 
days. 

Preliminary examinations cannot be guaran- 
teed ; but I have never yet failed to secure a 
patent after making a favorable report. 

INFRINGEMENTS. 

A search to determine the scope and validity 



of a patent must be much more complete than 
the preliminary examination before mentioned ; 
and much care and good judgment are required 
to give a reliable opinion as to infringement 
and validity of a patent. The expense of a 
thorough search of foreign as well as American 
patents, and a carefully written opinion based 
upon the results of the search, depends upon 
the amount of time and labor required, and 
will vary from $25 to $50 or more. 

An extensive experience in patent litigation, 
both as expert and counsel, and a familiarity 
with the laws and court decisions relating to 
patents, give me every facility for furnishing 
reliable opinions as to validity and- infringe- 
ment; and for conducting the prosecution or 
defense of patent suits. 

TRADEMARK. 

Any person, firm or corporation may secure 
the exclusive right to a trademark by register- 
ing such mark in the Patent Office. A trade- 
mark consists of an arbitrary word or words, 
or a symbol applied to merchandise, or pack- 
ages containing merchandise. Words that 
merely describe the article to which they are 
applied cannot be registered as a trademark. 

To secure registration, the trademark must 
have been used in commerce with an Indian 
tribe or some foreign country, as Canada. Its 
commercial use is frequently limited to a few" 
articles so marked sold in Canada before appli- 
cation is made for registration here. 

The application must contain a description 
of the mark, a statement of its use, and affi- 
davit, all to be signed by the proprietor or 
applicant. An ink drawing is also required. 

The term of a trademark is thirty years, and 
it may be renew^ed for a further term of thirty 
years, if application is made within six months 
before the expiration of the original term. 



The cost of a trademark is $45, which in- 
cludes the government fee, $25, and my charge, 
$20, for preparing the drawing and various 
papers. To procure registration of a trade- 
mark I must be informed of the name of the 
proprietor, the date since which the mark has 
been continuously used, the class of merchandise 
to which it is applied, the manner in which the 
mark is applied and the name of a foreign 
country where goods so marked have been 
sold. With this information send a copy of 
the mark and $25 and I will prepare and send 
the papers to you for signature. The balance 
of $20 is then due and completes the cost of 
registration. 

COPYRIGHTS. 

The author or proprietor of a book, map, . 
chart, dramatic or musical composition, engrav- 
ing, print, painting, drawing, statuary or de- 
sign for a work of the fine arts, may secure an 
exclusive right to the same by entry m the 
office of the Librarian of Congress for copy- 
right. 

The entry is made by depositing with the 
librarian, before publication, a pnnted copy of 
the title page of the book, or the title and de- 
scription of the work of art. Within ten days 
after ptiblzcation two complete copies of the 
work must also be sent to the Librarian to com- 
plete the entry. The original term of a copy; 
right is twenty-eight years, and it may be 
renewed for a further term of fourteen years. 

The total cost of a copyright is $5. 

FOREIGN PATENTS. 

Foreign countries, as a rule, grant a patent 
to the first applicant, whether he be the in- 
ventor or not; and in some of the principal 
foreign countries a valid patent cannot be 
obtained after a patent has been pubhshed 
elsewhere. 



To enable an inventor to secure valid foreign 
patents the United States patent law permits 
an application to remain unpublished in the 
secret archives of the Patent Office for a period 
not exceeding six months after it has been 
officially allowed. This gives the inventor 
ample time to prepare to take out his foreign 
patents in advance of all other persons. 

Inventions which become of value here 
should be of value in England, France, Ger- 
many, Canada and other progressive countries 
as well. 

Foreign patents are granted for various 
terms, from five to twenty years, in different 
countries. The first cost in most countries is 
hardly more than the cost of United States 
patents, and depends somewhat upon the 
length of the specification, which must be 
translated. Much depends upon the care with 
which the translation is made, and it should 
only be entrusted to an expert linguist who is 
familiar with mechanical terms and phrases. 
Particulars as to duration of patent, cost, etc. , 
in any country or group of countries furnished 
free on request. 

ATTORNEYS. 

The Patent Office rules contain the following 
excellent advice to inventors: "As the value 
of patents depends largely upon the careful 
preparation of the specifications and claims, 
the assistance of competent counsel will in 
most cases be of advantage to the applicant; 
but the value of their services will be propor- 
tionate to their skill and honesty, and too much 
care cannot be exercised in their selection. It 
will be unsafe to trust those who pretend to 
the possession of any facilities, except capacity 
and diligence, for procuring patents in a shorter 
time or with broader claims than others." 

The Commissioner of Patents has also called 



attention to the evils which result from the 
employment of attorneys who receive no fees 
for their services until the patent is allowed. 
In such cases the main object of the attorney 
is to obtain the allowance of a claim, regard- 
less of its quality, in the shortest time possible, 
in order that the contingent fee may be se- 
cured. No sacrifice of the inventor's rights is 
considered too great if it hastens the desired 
letter of allowance; and the inventor usually 
finds, when too late, that his claim is value- 
less, and the patent will not bear the careful 
inspection of the prospective purchaser, or of 
the courts. Unnecessary delay in securing a 
patent should always be avoided; but in the 
desire for haste, the importance of securing 
the best claim to w^hich the inventor is entitled 
should never be overlooked. A weak patent is 
usually incurable, and at best can only be 
remedied by a reissue of uncertain validity. If 
your invention is worth patenting at all, it is 
advisable to employ competent counsel and 
secure the best protection possible. 
LIBRARY. 

No trouble and expense have been spared in 
perfecting a working library, and I believe I 
now have the only complete office library of 
patents in the state. 

The Patent Office reports alone occupy more 
than 150 feet of shelf room, and include certi- 
fied copies of all existing United States patents, 
and of all expired patents granted since 1870. 

I have thus at hand the specifications and 
drawings in full of nearly 400,000 patents, com- 
prising 350 volumes. Besides these complete 
certified copies I have the annual index and re- 
port of the Commissioner of Patents dating 
back to 1844; and bound copies of the Official 
Gazette of the Patent Office from its first issue 
to date, more than fifty volumes. 
15 



In addition to the Patent Office reports, I 
have at hand the principal text books on the 
law of patents; English and American patent 
cases in full ; complete decisions of the Com- 
missioner of Patents and the United States 
courts in patent aiid trademark cases, and the 
best mechanical dictionaries and cyclopaedias 
published. 

This vast storehouse of patent information 
is always at the service of my clients. I have 
found its use invaluable in the preparation of 
cases for the patent office, and as a ready source 
of information at all times. 

SUGGESTIONS. 

In sending a model always carefully pack 
and address the same, and send either by mail 
or express, fully prepaid. 

Always remit money by certified check, draft 
or postoffice or express money order, made pay- 
able to me. Never inclose money itself in the 
box with a model, nor in an envelope sent by 
mail, unless registered. To avoid mistakes it 
is best to affix your full name and address to 
each communication. 

Questions relating to patents will be cheer- 
fully and freely answered at all times, but 
where information is requested to be sent by 
mail it is customary and courteous to inclose 
stamps sufficient to pay the return postage. 

PERSONAL INTERVIEWS. 

The importance of a personal interview with 
the attorney who is to prepare an application 
for patent depends entirely upon the nature of 
the invention. 

In ordinary cases a simple model or sketch, 
accompanied by such written explanations as 
the inventor may make, will be sufficient to 
enable me to prepare the case. 

\ i6 . 



In cases more difficult in their nature a con- 
sultation is always of great value, and in 
especial!}^ complicated cases cannot be dis- 
pensed with. 

While my experience and office facilities give 
me the most favorable opportunities for tran- 
sacting all kinds of patent business by mail, I 
would advise every client residing within a 
reasonable distance of Troy, to make a per- 
sonal visit to my office. 

A careful discus.sion of the invention fre- 
quently brings forth ideas of value to both in- 
ventor and attorney, and will always more than 
repay the inventor fdr any trouble attendant 
upon the journey. 

My office, No. 17 First street, corner of State 
street, is open every day, Sundays and holidays 
excepted, from 9 a. m. to 6 p. m., and on holi- 
days from 9 A. M. to £2 M. 

REFERENCES. 

I do not ask the confidence of manufacturers 
and inventors without giving them some as- 
surance that their trust will not be misplaced. 
I have resided in Troy for many years, and my 
standing and responsibility are well known to 
the people of this vicinity. 

For the benefit of those who reside at a dis- 
tance, and may wish to make inquiry about 
me, I give the following references, comprising 
many of the largest manufacturing houses in 
Troy, who have intrusted me with their patent 
business, and a few of my clients in various 
other localities. 



Allen Brothers Sandy Hill 

American Currycomb Co . Troy 

Banker & White Troy 

William Barker Troy 

M. L. Barnes & Co Troy 

Barnum Bros. Co Troy 

H . Clay Bascom Lansingburgh 

17 



John S. Becker Easton 

Thomas H. Bell Albany 

Albert C. Betts Brunswick 

Bradt & Shipman Gloversville and DeKalb. 111. 

Henry F. Brink Coon's Station 

James M . Bromley Plattsburgh 

Chas. A, Brown & Co Troy 

James A. Buck Crescent 

Georg^e W. Burr Round Lake 

Bussey & McLeod Stove Co Troy 

Button Boiler Co Waterf ord 

Cary Manufacturing Co Mechanicville 

Lee Chamberlin Troy 

Adelbert Chambers Troy 

Cluett, Coon & Co Troy 

Adam Clute , . . . , West Troy 

Cohoes Dye Works, Urban Weldon Cohoes 

Cohoes. Galvanized Iron Works Cohoes 

Brommie Copeland Salem 

Covert Manufacturing- Co West Troy 

James F. Cowee Troy 

Cunningham & Young- Co Troy 

Thomas Curley Troy 

Curtis & Co. Troy 

Crampton & Belden Green island 

Daly & Horan Troy 

Hon. C. F. Doyle Cohoes 

Oliver Duesler Argusville 

Cornelius D w^yer Amsterdam 

W. Eddy & Sons Greenwich 

Eddy Valve Co Waterf ord 

George W. Farrell Ausable Forks 

Farrell Spring- Co Albany 

Federal Ballot-box Co •. Boston, Mass. 

Fellows &Co Troy 

Rev. A. C. Ferguson Saratoga 

Adelbert Filkins Round Lake 

Hon. A B. Gardenier Valatie 

Gillespie Brothers Hoosick Falls 

Griswold Bros Troy 

Charles iH . Harden South Hartford 

William A. Harder Lansingburg-h 

Harderfold Fabric Co Troy 

Harmon & Rice West Troy and Canton 

Jonn F. Harris Fort Edward 

E. A. Hartshorn Schaghticoke 

C. W. Hart & Co Troy 

Henky & Smith Schenectady 

Howland & Co Sandy Hill 

Arthur S. Johnston Waterford 

Joubert & White Glens Falls 

William P. Kellogg Troy 

Knowlson & Kelly » Troy 

William Kemp & Son Troy 

i8 



Henry Lobdell & Co Troy 

Ludlow Valve Co Troy 

Zeph F. Ma^ill Troy 

I. H. Mambert Watervliet 

Manning & Peckham Troy 

Samuel McCleary Watervliet Center 

C. H. McClellan Troy 

McDermott & Barnum Troy 

Meneely Bell Co Troy 

Rev. J, H. Munsell Schenectady 

National Machine Co New York 

National Storage Battery Co Troy 

Palmer Hardware Mfg. Co Troy 

Peabody & Parks Troy 

Amos L. Pomeroy Sand Lake 

Benjamin Poole Topsfield, Mass. 

William F. Redding King's Station 

Dr. J. L. Rich Greenwich 

Rob Roy Hosiery Co Troy 

Elbert Rodgers Hornellsville 

Ross Valve Co Trov 

Sandy Hill Iron and Brass Works Sandy Hill 

Andrew Scotland Maltaville 

Theodore S. Sherman Castleton, Vt. 

Henry C. Shields Troy 

Charles E. Smith •. Cambridge 

Col. S. P. Smith Waterford 

E. M. Staples. Springfield , Mass. 

Samuel S. Stevens. . North Hoosick 

Surdam & Co. North Bennington. Vt. 

Shepard Tappin Troy 

Samuel T. Teachout Cohoes 

Tim & Co Troy 

Tolhurst & Son Troy 

Trojan Button Fastener Co Troy 

Troy & Lansingburgh R. R. Co Troy 

Troy Malleable Iron Co Troy 

Troy Mowing Machine Co Troy 

Troy Nickel Works Troy 

Troy Steam Laundry Co Troy 

Troy Steel and Iron Co Troy 

United Shirt and Collar Co Troy 

William Van Kleeck Lansingburgh 

James A . Van Voast Schenectady 

Vedder Pattern Works Troy 

Andrew T. Veeder Schenectady 

Victor Mower Co Valatie 

Wales & Crane Troy 

Walsh Rail Joint Co Troy 

Wilber Shirt and Collar Co Troy 

Wild Mfg. Co Valatie 

Wood & Lewis Troy 

Ignatius Wylie Albany 



Contents. 

PAGE 

To the Inventor i 

Patents 2 

Drawings 2 — 3 

Specification 3 — 4 

Claims 4 — 5 

Charges 5 — 6 

Appeals 6 

Interference 6 — 7 

Caveat 7 — 8 

Models 8 

Reissues 8 — 9 

Designs 9 — 10 

Assignments — Licenses 10 — ^11 

Copies of Patents 11 

Preliminary Examinations 11 

Infringements 11 — 12 

Trademarks 12 — 13 

Copyrights 13 

Foreign Patents 13 — 14 

Attorneys 14 — 15 

Library 15 — 16 

Suggestions 16 

Personal Interviews 16 — 17 

References 17 — 19 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

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019 973 371 



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^'WHATEVER IS WORTH DOING AT ALL, 

IS WORTH DOING WELL.'' 

Chesterfield. 



